Taekkyon / 택견

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Taekkyon'un Tarihi

Taekkyon, Korelilerin, ilk çaglardan bu yana, kendilerine özgü karakterleriyle gelistirdikleri geleneksel bir çiplak elle dövüs sanatidir ve bu sanatlarin atasi oldugu varsayilir. Halen Kore'de varligini sürdürmektedir.

6.yüzyildan önce, Taekkyon halkin egemen kesimi tarafindan uygulanmaktaydi. 9. ve 12. yüzyillar arasinda halkin her kesiminde popüler olmustur. Koryusa'dan (15. yüzyilda yazilmis Kore tarih kitabi) yapilan alintilara göre, Taekkyon kraldan çiftçilere kadar her kesimde desteklenmis ve uygulanmistir. Bu akim Chosun Hanedaninin ilk dönemlerine kadar devam etmistir.

Ancak 13. yüzyildan sonra halk edebi ve askeri yönden desteklenen bir düzen benimsedigi için Taekkyon daha çok bir halk gelenegi olarak görülmeye baslanmistir.

Japon isgali süresince Taekkyon yasaklanmis ve kaybolmaya yüz tutmustur. Song Duk-ki isimli yasli bir adam sayesinde kurtarilmis ve bize kadar ulasmasi saglanmistir. Kore'nin bagimsizligindan sonra Taekkyon yerine Japon dövüs sanatlari (Judo ve karate gibi) popülerlesmistir. Bu yüzden bu sanatlari ögrenmis pek çok uzman vardir.

Kore savasi sonrasinda kurulan yeni dövüs sanati Taekwondo ve Taekkyon arasinda bir karmasa vardi. Ancak bu iki dövüs sanati arasinda pratikte hiçbir benzerlik yoktur. 1 Haziran 1983 te Song Duk-ki'nin ögrencisi Shin, Han-Seung'un (1928-1987) özenli çabalari sayesinde Taekkyon Kore hükumeti Tarafindan “Önemli Manevi Kültürel Varliklar” listesinde 76. siradan listelenmistir. Çabalarindan dolayi bu iki usta Taekkyon sanatinin yetkilisi sayilmistir.

Taekkyon'u yeniden canlandirmak için 1984 yilinda Taekkyon'u iki ustasindan ögrenmis Lee Yong-Bok tarafindan “Kore Geleneksel Taekkyon Enstitüsü” kurulmustur.

O zamandan sonra Taekkyon yeniden popülerlesmis ve 30 haziran 1985'te 80 yil aradan sonra Busan'daki Kooduk stadyumunda Taekkyon yeniden sergilenmistir.

1 ocak 1991'de Kore Taekkyon Dernegi açildi ve 30 kasim 1998'de Taekkyon, ulusal spor kurulunun resmi bir üyesi haline geldi.
2 Subat 2001 de Kore Taekkyon Dernegi resmi olarak Kore Spor Federasyonuna dahil edildi. Bu gelisme Taekkyon'un gelisimi için kesinlikle bir dönüm noktasi olmustur. Çünkü Taekkyon bu sayede ayri bir atletizm dali olarak Kore Sporlari Federasyonu tarafindan onaylanmistir. Kore Taekkyon Federasyonu su anda tüm ülkede kendi alt kuruluslarina sahiptir ve 160'tan fazla enstitü, 110 üniversite ve 120 kulüp tarafindan desteklenmektedir. Ayrica her yil 10 ülke çapinda Taekkyon sampiyonasi düzenlenmektedir.

History of Taekkyon

Taekkyon is a traditional bare-hand martial arts korean people have been developed by their unique character since the primitive ages and are being called the original form of all the bare-hand martial arts currently being practiced in Korea.
Before the 6th century Taekkyon was habitually practiced by ruling classes and from the 9th to 12th century, got very popular even among the common people. By quoting Koryusa (Korean history book written in 15th century) Taekkyon are widely encouraged and practiced from the king himself to farmers. This trend continued until the early stage of Chosun Dynasty.

But as the society moved toward a system that encouraged only literary(pen) and contempting military(sword), after 13th century Taekkyon was more favoured as a folk customs.

During the Japanese colonial period, Taekkyon has been banned and therefore has almost vanished. Fortunately one old-man called Song Duk-Ki(1893∼1987) did survive and could hand it down to us. After independense of Korea, instead of Taekkyon, japanese style martial arts (like Judo and Karate etc.) are more popular as there are many masters who learned them.

Moreover, new martid arts called Taekwondo is established after Korean War and there were confusion between Taekkyon and Taekwondo. But these two martial arts have nothing in common and are compeletly different. Taekkyon was designated by the government "Important Intangible Cultural Asset No. 76" in June 1, 1983 owing to the elaborate efforts by Shin, Han-Seung(1928∼1987) who learned Taekkyon from Song, Duk-Ki and both masters became authorized beholder of Taekkyon skills.

Lee Yong-Bok, who learned Taekkyon from these two masters in 1984 has established "Korea Traditional Taekkyon Institute" to revive Taekkyon.

From this time on, the popularization of Taekkyon began and in June 30, 1985 first Taekkyon game revived after 80 years in Kooduk stadium located in Pusan.

In Jan. 1, 1991 the Korea Taekkyon Association was established and in Nov. 30, 1998 Taekkyon became the official member of "National Sports Council for All".

Very recently in Feb. 2, 2001 the Korea Taekkyon Association entered officially into "Korea Sports Council" and this will certainly be the great turning-point for developing Taekkyon as Taekkyon(lead by Korea Taekkyon Associatin) has been approved as specialty athletics by "Korea Sports Council". Korea Taekkyon Association now has its subdivisions all over the countuy and supports more than 160 institutions, 110 university circles and 120 citizen clubs. It also has total about 10 nation-wide Taekkyon championship game every year.

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